EMAT - Epsilon Multiples
Enterprises & Equity Values
- Equity Value (EqV) = value of 100% of the shares
- Enterprise Value (EV) = Equity Value + Net Financial Debt
Standard Multiples
Standard Multiples
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EV multiples are based on the Enterprise Value (Sales, EBITDA, EBIT and sector specific multiples)
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EqV multiples are based on the Equity Value (PBT, PAT and Price to Book)
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Price to Book = EqV / Net assets (ie. market value / book value of the shares)
- P/E = PER: Price to Earnings Ratio = EqV / PAT > See Investopedia definition
Historic & Current Multiples
- Historic multiples are based on “N-1 accounts” = Last Twelve Months (LTM) or last closed accounts before the closing date (see 1st line of the financial table: Date N-1 = __)
- Current multiples are based on the “N accounts” = accounts for the current year (year of the deal), which are usually estimates.